Управление пакетами через APT и Dpkg
Команды APT
# Update repository package indexes
sudo apt update
# Upgrade installed packages to newest versions
sudo apt upgrade -y
# Search for a package by keyword
apt search nginx
# Install package
sudo apt install nginx -y
# Remove package keeping configuration
sudo apt remove nginx
# Purge package and configuration files
sudo apt purge nginx
Команды Dpkg
# Identify which package owns a specific binary or file
dpkg -S $(which nginx)
# List all files installed by a package
dpkg -L nginx
# Install a local .deb package file
sudo dpkg -i package.deb
# Show status and details of installed package
dpkg -s nginx
# List all installed packages
dpkg --get-selections
Кэш пакетов
Загруженные архивы пакетов кэшируются в каталоге:
/var/cache/apt/archives/
Очистка устаревших пакетов из кэша:
sudo apt clean
sudo apt autoremove -y
Управление службами через Systemd
# Check service status
systemctl status nginx
# Start / stop / restart service
sudo systemctl start nginx
sudo systemctl stop nginx
sudo systemctl restart nginx
# Enable service to launch at system boot
sudo systemctl enable nginx