ورقة غش Ubuntu Linux (APT و Systemd)

إدارة الحزم عبر APT و Dpkg

أوامر APT

# Update repository package indexes
sudo apt update

# Upgrade installed packages to newest versions
sudo apt upgrade -y

# Search for a package by keyword
apt search nginx

# Install package
sudo apt install nginx -y

# Remove package keeping configuration
sudo apt remove nginx

# Purge package and configuration files
sudo apt purge nginx

أوامر Dpkg

# Identify which package owns a specific binary or file
dpkg -S $(which nginx)

# List all files installed by a package
dpkg -L nginx

# Install a local .deb package file
sudo dpkg -i package.deb

# Show status and details of installed package
dpkg -s nginx

# List all installed packages
dpkg --get-selections

ذاكرة الحزم المؤقتة

تُخزَّن أرشيفات الحزم المحمَّلة في:

/var/cache/apt/archives/

تنظيف الحزم القديمة من الذاكرة المؤقتة:

sudo apt clean
sudo apt autoremove -y

إدارة الخدمات عبر Systemd

# Check service status
systemctl status nginx

# Start / stop / restart service
sudo systemctl start nginx
sudo systemctl stop nginx
sudo systemctl restart nginx

# Enable service to launch at system boot
sudo systemctl enable nginx